What the Bernie Madoff and Sam Bankman-Fried Fiascos Have In Common: Red Flags Ignored

It Pays to Be a Healthy Sceptic

Stephen Foerster
7 min readDec 6, 2022

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Bernie Madoff mugshot, U.S. Department of Justice; Sam Bankman-Fried in an interview during the Bitcoin 2021 conference, YouTube “Institutions are ‘DESPERATE’ for crypto! | Exclusive interview with Sam Bankman-Fried”

He was well-respected in the industry, as head of a major exchange. He was able to attract billions of dollars in investments. He was known for his major philanthropic initiatives. And then his world suddenly collapsed, wiping out billions for his investors.

This portrayal aptly describes Sam Bankman-Fried (also known as SBF), founder of cryptocurrency exchange FTX, with its recent spectacular collapse. But it equally describes Ponzi-scheme fraudster, Bernie Madoff, who passed away while serving 150 years in prison. What else did they have in common? Red flags that were missed or ignored.

Bernie Madoff
Madoff and his wife and high-school sweetheart Ruth founded Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960. He initially traded in penny stocks and eventually persuaded family and friends to invest with him, but a severe market drop in 1962 required a bail-out from his father-in-law.

In the early 1970s, Madoff made an important mark on the investment industry through pioneering achievements in electronic trading of stocks. As one of the original broker-dealers, he helped the Nasdaq stock exchange to emerge as a serious competitor to the…

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Stephen Foerster

I’m a Finance prof, CFA, and author of In Pursuit of the Perfect Portfolio (with Andrew Lo). I write stories about investing. (I don’t give financial advice.)